單復(fù)數(shù)一致:通常來(lái)講,大家第一時(shí)間會(huì)想到的就是主謂一致,也就是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致;但在GMAT中,我們不僅僅需要考慮主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)一致,還需要考慮句子中涉及的其他成分的單復(fù)數(shù)一致,比如代詞指代的時(shí)候,也要注意單復(fù)數(shù)一致等;
1)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)一致:
a)最常見(jiàn)的主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞,或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)為單數(shù);
b)如果不可數(shù)名詞后"+s"做主語(yǔ),應(yīng)被視為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,所以謂語(yǔ)需要用復(fù)數(shù);比如,numbers,waters等
例句1:The market for so-called functional beverages,drinks that promise health benefits beyond their inherent nutritional value,nearly doubled over the course of four years,in rising from$2.68 billion in 1997 to be$4.7 billion in 2000.
在這個(gè)句子中,drinks作為飲品理解的話,為一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞,但是后面+s后,要看作可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),因此其后that從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了promise(原型,表示主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù));
c)集合名詞作主語(yǔ),需要判斷想要強(qiáng)調(diào)的意思(表示整體,還是表示集合里的具體人或事物),決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù);(比如,class,staff,army)
例句:Using study groups managed by the principal popular organizations and political parties,the Swedish public was informed by the government about energy and nuclear power.
在這個(gè)句子中,主語(yǔ)the Swedish public(中的public為一個(gè)集合名詞---公眾)想要表達(dá)公眾這個(gè)整體,因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)was informed.. 加拿大GMAT
d)學(xué)科名詞作主語(yǔ),通常謂語(yǔ)為單數(shù),但是當(dāng)statistics和economics分別表示統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)政策時(shí),
需要用復(fù)數(shù);
e)專有名詞(通常句子中出現(xiàn)一串首字母大寫(xiě)的單詞)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù);
例句:Thomas Mann's novel Doctor Faustus offers an examination not only of how difficult it is to reconcile reason,will,and passion together in any art form,but also a skillfully navigated exploration of the major concerns of modernism.
在這個(gè)句子中,主語(yǔ)Thomas Mann's novel Doctor Faustus的核心詞是是一本書(shū)的名字,我們可以看到很多大寫(xiě)字母,所以謂語(yǔ)為單數(shù)offers;
f)A of B..結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常情況下都是有A決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)(除了part of…,most of….,some of….,the rest of….等,由of后面的名詞決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)外)
例句:As with ants,the elaborate social structure of termites includes a few individuals reproducing and the rest serve the colony by tending juveniles,gathering food,building the nest,or battling intruders.
在這個(gè)句子中,主語(yǔ)為the elaborate social structure of termites為一個(gè)a of b結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞短語(yǔ),根據(jù)規(guī)則,謂語(yǔ)需要有of前面的名詞保持一致,因此includes用了單數(shù)形式;(當(dāng)然,這個(gè)題干的句子存在其他的錯(cuò)誤,所以這個(gè)句子本身是錯(cuò)誤的,但是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)一致上是正確的)
加拿大商科研究生GMAT SC單復(fù)數(shù)一致問(wèn)題
例句:Five hundred million different species of living creatures have appeared on Earth,nearly 99 percent of them vanishing.
D.Of five hundred million different species of living creatures that have appeared on Earth,nearly 99 percent of them have vanished.
在這個(gè)題目的D選項(xiàng)中,主語(yǔ)nearly 99 percent of them也可以看作為一個(gè)a of b的結(jié)構(gòu),但是注意,這里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)需要和of后面的名詞保持一致,這里them指代了five hundred million different species of living creatures,其中核心詞為species(注意,這個(gè)單詞單復(fù)數(shù)同體,也就是單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)都是這個(gè)單詞),前面有five hundred million修飾,所以這里species為復(fù)數(shù),因此后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)have vanished. GMAT備考
g)不定式短語(yǔ),ving分詞短語(yǔ),從句作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)通常都用單數(shù);
例句:According to some critics,watching television not only undermines one's ability to think critically but also impairs one's overall ability to perceive.
在這個(gè)句子中,主語(yǔ)watching television為一個(gè)ving分詞短語(yǔ),因此謂語(yǔ)需要用單數(shù)undermines和impairs
例句:To estimate the expansion rate of the universe is a notoriously difficult problem because there is a lack of a single yardstick that all distances can be measured by.
在這個(gè)句子中,主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)不定式短語(yǔ)To estimate the expansion rate of the universe,因此位于用單數(shù)is是合理的;(這個(gè)句子本身存在其他錯(cuò)誤)
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